Penshurst lies approximately 17 kilometres south of the Sydney central business district. It forms part of the St George region and is administered across the Georges River Council, the former City of Hurstville, and the Municipality of Kogarah.
The suburb covers around 2.5 square kilometres and contains thirteen parks, which make up roughly 9.3 per cent of its area.
The 2021 Census recorded a population of 12,592 residents. Between 2016 and 2021, the population declined slightly from 12,786, representing a decrease of about 1.5 per cent. The predominant age group in Penshurst is people aged 20–29 years, and the average resident age is approximately 36 years.
Around 47.7 per cent of residents reported being born in Australia. Other common countries of birth include China (13.0 per cent), Nepal (8.7 per cent), the Philippines, and Hong Kong. English only was spoken at home by 42.5 per cent of people, with Mandarin (11.8 per cent), Nepali (8.9 per cent), Cantonese (8.6 per cent), Greek (3.5 per cent), and Arabic (2.7 per cent) also represented.
Penshurst station lies on the Illawarra Line and is served by T4 Eastern Suburbs & Illawarra trains. The journey to Martin Place or Central takes around 27 to 35 minutes, depending on the source.
Bus routes 940, 941, 943 and 945 connect through the station to nearby suburbs, and the NightRide N10 service operates overnight.
Within walking distance around the station, a main shopping precinct spans Penshurst Street, Bridge Street, The Strand, Forest Road and King Georges Road.
It includes supermarkets, cafés, pharmacies, beauty salons, gyms, a post office, the Penshurst RSL Club and the Gamesmen video game museum and store.
Penshurst supports a range of schools, including Penshurst Public School, Penshurst West Primary School, St Declan’s Catholic Primary School, George's River College (Penshurst Girls Campus) and Marist College Penshurst.
For recreation, Penshurst Park, McRaes Park and Gifford Park serve as local green spaces, while Hurstville Aquatic Leisure Centre and tennis courts on King Georges Road provide fitness facilities.
Local sports include cricket and rugby league clubs operating from Olds Park or nearby HV Evatt Park.